The knee is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. Mri of the knee provides detailed images of structures within the knee joint, including bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, muscles and blood vessels, from many angles. Injury to the shoulder joint is followed by pain, limitation of movement, and. The knee joint is the largest joint in the body, consisting of 4 bones and an extensive network of ligaments and muscles. The ankle joint or talocrural joint is a synovial hinge joint that is made up of the articulation of 3 bones. To understand knee problems, you must know the anatomy of this most complex joint. Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee fred flandry, md, facsw and gabriel hommel, md abstract. Anatomy, function, and rehabilitation of the popliteus. A combination of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and extensions of the joint capsule collectively help to offer multidirectional stability to the knee, while allowing for necessary mobility. In the image above, what number indicates the synovial membrane. Oct 11, 2016 the main features of the knee anatomy include bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons and muscles.
This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on knee mri. The knee joins the thigh bone femur to the shin bone tibia. The smaller bone that runs alongside the tibia fibula and the. Anatomical study of the innervation of posterior knee joint capsule. Introduction joint instability is a problem from which both athletes and nonathletes suffer, with one of the most common sources of instability being associated with. Apr 14, 2020 jonathan cluett, md, is a boardcertified orthopedic surgeon with subspecialty training in sports medicine and arthroscopic surgery. Various forms of arthritis may be diagnosed through knee. There are also a number of ligaments, cartilages and muscles which strengthen and support the knee. It is the junction of the thigh and the leg and is a hinge joint.
The knee is a complex joint that flexes, extends, and twists slightly from side to side. Crim, provides detailed anatomic views of each major joint of the lower extremity. Feb, 2017 clinical anatomy knee mensicus and knee joint duration. The knee is the joint where the bones of the lower and upper legs meet. Click on a link to get t1 coronal view t2fatsat axial view t2fatsat coronal view t2fatsat sagittal view. Amicus, anatomy, normal, left, knee, joint, femur, tibia, capsule. Amicus, anatomy, knee, femur, patella, cruciate, ligament, collateral, meniscus, tibia, femoral, condyle, tibial, plateau. The kneejoint was formerly described as a ginglymus or hingejoint, but is really of a much more complicated character. The knee joint is a compound of two synovial joint types. Pdf anatomy and physiology of knee stability researchgate. Knee anatomy francesc malagelada jordi vega pau golano the knee is the largest joint in the human body and one of the most complex from a functional point of view. Anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral side of the knee and surgical implications evan w.
The 6 types of joints human anatomy for artists duration. A hinge joint bends back and forth in one plane unlike the ballandsocket joint of the hip. Most players are likely to injure their knee, or suffer with knee pain, at some. Anatomy of bones and joints pdf 48p anatomy of bones and joints pdf 48p this note covers the following topics. Functional anatomy of the knee and leg mary lloyd ireland, md acsm tpc feb. Mar 18, 2014 knee joint the knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body.
The knee is usually viewed as consisting of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. The aim of this short report is to examine knee joint anatomy. Knee instability has been the focus of large number of studies over the last decade. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The knee joint is a synovial joint this means it contains a fluid that lubricates it. Because knee joint injury frequently displays some component of transverseplane rotation and the popliteus muscle has been described as an important, primary, dynamic, transverseplane, rotatory knee joint stabilizer,1,2,32,50 improving our understanding of its function in relation to other posterolateral knee joint structures would be beneficial. The aim of this short report is to examine knee joint anatomy and physiology with respect to knee stability. The knee joint is a hinge type synovial joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation. Any radiologist who wishes to understand meniscal disorders must possess a working knowledge of the anatomy and function of the knee joint, the most. Normal radiographic anatomy of the knee radiology case. They are found wherever skin, muscle, or tendon rubs against bone. Anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral side of the knee and. In the knee joint, the femur articulates with the tibia and the patella. During flexionextension, the knee acts as a hinge joint, whereby the articular surfaces of the femur roll and glide over the tibial surface.
Anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral side of the knee. In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the knee joint its articulating surfaces, ligaments and neurovascular supply. The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to immobilize the joint and thus reduce the pain. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. Knee instability has a high incidence rate and has been extensively studied over the last decade.
The tibio femoral joint is divided into medial and lateral com partments. The knee joint is made up of three bones and a variety of ligaments. Reg anesth pain med in the context of effective tka clinical pathway, 2019. Chapter 10 the knee joint manual of structural kinesiology r. The knees of football players come under enormous stress and. The knee is the meeting point of the femur thigh bone in the upper leg and the tibia shinbone in the. The main features of the knee anatomy include bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons and muscles. The joint is sensitive to pain, pressure, excessive traction, and distension. Knee joint stability requires the integration of a complex set of anatomical structures and physiological mechanism. Anatomy knee joint cobourg collegiate institute 2 2015 lets begin with the basics of knee anatomy. Knee anatomy and biomechanics of the knee musculoskeletal key. Most players are likely to injure their knee, or suffer with knee pain, at some time while playing football. It must be regarded as consisting of three articulations in one. The 3 bones are the tibia, the fibula and the talus.
The articulations are between the talus and the tibia and the talus and the fibula. Anatomical study of the innervation of posterior knee. It is formed by articulations between the patella, femur and. Lateral joint stabilizers are com posed of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Learn anatomy knee joint with free interactive flashcards. In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the knee joint its articulating surfaces, ligaments. The knee joint may look like a simple joint, but it is actually one of the most complex. Magnetic resonance imaging mri is a noninvasive test used to diagnose medical conditions. The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments. Keyhole surgery is less invasive, but on the backside, the knee surgeon lacks daily visualisation of the complex open anatomy. Click on a link to get t1 coronal view t2fatsat axial view t2fatsat coronal view.
The axis around which movement takes chapter 2 joint anatomy and basic biomechanics figure 22 a. Jfmk free fulltext anatomy and physiology of knee stability. A mastery test will be administered at the end of this. When the kneejoint is fully extended the oblique popliteal and collateral ligaments, the anterior cruciate ligament, and the posterior cruciate ligament, are rendered tense. The axis around which movement takes chapter 2 joint anatomy and basic biomechanics figure 22 a, midsagittal plane. The largest joint in the body, the knee moves like a hinge, allowing you to sit, squat, walk or jump.
The anterolateral joint is stabilized by the joint capsule and the iliotibial tract, which. A detailed understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral knee is essential for the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of lateralsided knee injuries. Anatomy of the knee, showing the distal femur and the proximal part of tibia. Knee joint bursae many bursae are related to the knee joint. The knee is formed by the femur the thigh bone, the tibia the shin bone, and the patella the kneecap. The ankle joint or talocrural joint is a synovial hinge joint that is. This usually calls for repeated trips to the anatomy laboratory to dissect and study knee anatomy. Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulationsthe patellofemoral and tibiofemoral. It is formed by articulations between the patella, femur and tibia.
Injuries to the knee joint are amongst the most common in sporting. What is contained within the joint cavity of a synovial joint number 2 in the image. The knee can be thought of as basically having four ligaments holding it in place, one at each side, to stop the bones sliding sideways, and two crossing over in the. The knee joint is the largest and one of the most complex joints in the human body.
Because knee joint injury frequently displays some component of transverseplane rotation and the popliteus muscle has been described as an important, primary, dynamic, transverseplane, rotatory. Knee joint the knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body. A needle is inserted into the joint space inside the knee, and fluid is drawn out. It is also one of the most often injured joints because of its anatomic characteristics, the interrelation of its structural components, and the significant external forces that act. Imaging anatomy theknee,ahingetypejoint,isprimarilycomposed of 3 articulating compartments. General considerations of bones, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, joints. Choose from 500 different sets of anatomy knee joint flashcards on quizlet. See more ideas about anatomy, knee joint anatomy and knee exercises. Which type of joints allows growth in long bones during childhood. Knee joint stability requires the integration of a complex set of anatomical structures. The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to. Introduction joint instability is a problem from which both athletes and nonathletes suffer, with one of the most common sources of instability being associated with the knee joint. There are various muscles that control movement, ligaments that give stability, special cartilage to absorb pressure and various other structures to ensure smooth. Knee joint anatomy involves looking at each of the different structures in and around the knee.
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