Anatomy knee joint cobourg collegiate institute 2 2015 lets begin with the basics of knee anatomy. In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the knee joint its articulating surfaces, ligaments and neurovascular supply. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. The anterolateral joint is stabilized by the joint capsule and the iliotibial tract, which. Anatomy of the knee, showing the distal femur and the proximal part of tibia. The ankle joint or talocrural joint is a synovial hinge joint that is. Imaging anatomy theknee,ahingetypejoint,isprimarilycomposed of 3 articulating compartments. Anatomy of bones and joints pdf 48p anatomy of bones and joints pdf 48p this note covers the following topics. Chapter 10 the knee joint manual of structural kinesiology r. Reg anesth pain med in the context of effective tka clinical pathway, 2019. The knee is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body.
Anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral side of the knee. The knee joint is made up of three bones and a variety of ligaments. The aim of this short report is to examine knee joint anatomy and physiology with respect to knee stability. Anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral side of the knee and. The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments. Introduction joint instability is a problem from which both athletes and nonathletes suffer, with one of the most common sources of instability being associated with the knee joint. In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the knee joint its articulating surfaces, ligaments. Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee fred flandry, md, facsw and gabriel hommel, md abstract. Amicus, anatomy, knee, femur, patella, cruciate, ligament, collateral, meniscus, tibia, femoral, condyle, tibial, plateau.
The knee is usually viewed as consisting of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. Knee joint bursae many bursae are related to the knee joint. A hinge joint bends back and forth in one plane unlike the ballandsocket joint of the hip. Introduction joint instability is a problem from which both athletes and nonathletes suffer, with one of the most common sources of instability being associated with. Knee joint stability requires the integration of a complex set of anatomical structures and physiological mechanism. General considerations of bones, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, joints. The knee is the meeting point of the femur thigh bone in the upper leg and the tibia shinbone in the. The knee joint is the largest joint in the body, consisting of 4 bones and an extensive network of ligaments and muscles. The knee joins the thigh bone femur to the shin bone tibia. A combination of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and extensions of the joint capsule collectively help to offer multidirectional stability to the knee, while allowing for necessary mobility. Pdf anatomy and physiology of knee stability researchgate. The kneejoint was formerly described as a ginglymus or hingejoint, but is really of a much more complicated character.
The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to. Lateral joint stabilizers are com posed of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The main features of the knee anatomy include bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons and muscles. The axis around which movement takes chapter 2 joint anatomy and basic biomechanics figure 22 a. Any radiologist who wishes to understand meniscal disorders must possess a working knowledge of the anatomy and function of the knee joint, the most. The largest joint in the body, the knee moves like a hinge, allowing you to sit, squat, walk or jump. Basically, it consists of two condylar joints between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and the corresponding condyles of the tibia, and a gliding joint, between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Various forms of arthritis may be diagnosed through knee. Most players are likely to injure their knee, or suffer with knee pain, at some. This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on knee mri. Anatomy, function, and rehabilitation of the popliteus. It is formed by articulations between the patella, femur and tibia. The knee joint may look like a simple joint, but it is actually one of the most complex.
The articulations are between the talus and the tibia and the talus and the fibula. Anatomical study of the innervation of posterior knee. The aim of this short report is to examine knee joint anatomy. The knee joint is a synovial joint this means it contains a fluid that lubricates it. A mastery test will be administered at the end of this. Jun 17, 2014 anatomy of knee joint,biomechanics clinial and surgical approaches in brief slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Because knee joint injury frequently displays some component of transverseplane rotation and the popliteus muscle has been described as an important, primary, dynamic, transverseplane, rotatory knee joint stabilizer,1,2,32,50 improving our understanding of its function in relation to other posterolateral knee joint structures would be beneficial. Click on a link to get t1 coronal view t2fatsat axial view t2fatsat coronal view. Anatomical study of the innervation of posterior knee joint capsule. Feb, 2017 clinical anatomy knee mensicus and knee joint duration. The knee is a complex joint that flexes, extends, and twists slightly from side to side. There are also a number of ligaments, cartilages and muscles which strengthen and support the knee. A needle is inserted into the joint space inside the knee, and fluid is drawn out. Jfmk free fulltext anatomy and physiology of knee stability.
Keyhole surgery is less invasive, but on the backside, the knee surgeon lacks daily visualisation of the complex open anatomy. When the kneejoint is fully extended the oblique popliteal and collateral ligaments, the anterior cruciate ligament, and the posterior cruciate ligament, are rendered tense. Crim, provides detailed anatomic views of each major joint of the lower extremity. Most players are likely to injure their knee, or suffer with knee pain, at some time while playing football.
The ankle joint or talocrural joint is a synovial hinge joint that is made up of the articulation of 3 bones. A detailed understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral knee is essential for the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of lateralsided knee injuries. Mri of the knee provides detailed images of structures within the knee joint, including bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, muscles and blood vessels, from many angles. Knee instability has a high incidence rate and has been extensively studied over the last decade. It is the junction of the thigh and the leg and is a hinge joint.
Anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral side of the knee and surgical implications evan w. The knee is the joint where the bones of the lower and upper legs meet. The knee joint is the largest and one of the most complex joints in the human body. The knees of football players come under enormous stress and.
Click on a link to get t1 coronal view t2fatsat axial view t2fatsat coronal view t2fatsat sagittal view. This usually calls for repeated trips to the anatomy laboratory to dissect and study knee anatomy. Choose from 500 different sets of anatomy knee joint flashcards on quizlet. Because knee joint injury frequently displays some component of transverseplane rotation and the popliteus muscle has been described as an important, primary, dynamic, transverseplane, rotatory. The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to immobilize the joint and thus reduce the pain.
Functional anatomy of the knee and leg mary lloyd ireland, md acsm tpc feb. What is contained within the joint cavity of a synovial joint number 2 in the image. Knee anatomy and biomechanics of the knee musculoskeletal key. Learn anatomy knee joint with free interactive flashcards. Injury to the shoulder joint is followed by pain, limitation of movement, and. The 3 bones are the tibia, the fibula and the talus.
The tibio femoral joint is divided into medial and lateral com partments. Knee anatomy francesc malagelada jordi vega pau golano the knee is the largest joint in the human body and one of the most complex from a functional point of view. Oct 11, 2016 the main features of the knee anatomy include bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons and muscles. To understand knee problems, you must know the anatomy of this most complex joint. The knee joint is a compound of two synovial joint types. Knee joint anatomy involves looking at each of the different structures in and around the knee. The knee is formed by the femur the thigh bone, the tibia the shin bone, and the patella the kneecap. Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulationsthe patellofemoral and tibiofemoral.
The 6 types of joints human anatomy for artists duration. In the image above, what number indicates the synovial membrane. They are found wherever skin, muscle, or tendon rubs against bone. Knee joint stability requires the integration of a complex set of anatomical structures. Knee instability has been the focus of large number of studies over the last decade. During flexionextension, the knee acts as a hinge joint, whereby the articular surfaces of the femur roll and glide over the tibial surface. Mar 18, 2014 knee joint the knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body.
It is also one of the most often injured joints because of its anatomic characteristics, the interrelation of its structural components, and the significant external forces that act. Magnetic resonance imaging mri is a noninvasive test used to diagnose medical conditions. The knee joint is a hinge type synovial joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation. Injuries to the knee joint are amongst the most common in sporting. It is formed by articulations between the patella, femur and. Which type of joints allows growth in long bones during childhood. The axis around which movement takes chapter 2 joint anatomy and basic biomechanics figure 22 a, midsagittal plane. See more ideas about anatomy, knee joint anatomy and knee exercises. The joint is sensitive to pain, pressure, excessive traction, and distension. The knee can be thought of as basically having four ligaments holding it in place, one at each side, to stop the bones sliding sideways, and two crossing over in the.
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